See harmaz on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "hearm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "*harm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "harm"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "harm"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "harm"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "harm"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "harm"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*harm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pḱór-mo-s",
"t": "shame, grief, torment, pain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pḱór-mo-s (“shame, grief, torment, pain”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sormъ",
"t": "shame"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "شرم",
"t": "shame",
"tr": "šarm"
},
"expansion": "Persian شرم (šarm, “shame”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀",
"t": "sense of shame"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived Proto-Indo-European *pḱór-mo-s (“shame, grief, torment, pain”), from *pḱer- (“to have shame, distress over”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”), Persian شرم (šarm, “shame”), Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”). Because of PIE root constraints and the fact that the only evidence for *p- comes from Avestan, an alternative etymology reconstructs the root as *ḱer(H)-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "*harmaz",
"name": "gem-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "West Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(West Germanic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harmaz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"painful; sorrowful; doleful"
],
"id": "en-harmaz-gem-pro-adj-aqvXjqOy",
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"sorrowful",
"sorrowful"
],
[
"doleful",
"doleful"
]
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harmful; malicious; evil"
],
"id": "en-harmaz-gem-pro-adj-CzG2fXUP",
"links": [
[
"harmful",
"harmful"
],
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɑr.mɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "harmaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "herm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hairm"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "harrm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "herm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hairm"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "harrm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "harem"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "herm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hairm"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "harrm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "arme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "herm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hairm"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "harrm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "herme"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "hearm"
},
{
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "herm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "herm"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "harm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "harm"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Harm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "harm"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Harm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "harm"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "haram"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*harm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "harmur"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "harmligur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "harme"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "harmi"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "harm"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "harmber"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "harme"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "harmr"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pḱór-mo-s",
"t": "shame, grief, torment, pain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pḱór-mo-s (“shame, grief, torment, pain”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sormъ",
"t": "shame"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "شرم",
"t": "shame",
"tr": "šarm"
},
"expansion": "Persian شرم (šarm, “shame”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀",
"t": "sense of shame"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived Proto-Indo-European *pḱór-mo-s (“shame, grief, torment, pain”), from *pḱer- (“to have shame, distress over”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”), Persian شرم (šarm, “shame”), Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”). Because of PIE root constraints and the fact that the only evidence for *p- comes from Avestan, an alternative etymology reconstructs the root as *ḱer(H)-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "harm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "harmą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "harmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "harmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "harmǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "harmai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "harmamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "harmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "harmamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "*harmaz m",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harmaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "harmalausaz"
},
{
"word": "harmāną"
},
{
"word": "harmijaną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harm; shame; pain; injury"
],
"id": "en-harmaz-gem-pro-noun-PidK9YY6",
"links": [
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"shame",
"shame"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "harmōną"
}
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɑr.mɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "harmaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"West Proto-Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "hearm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "*harm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "harm"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "harm"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "harm"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "harm"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "harm"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*harm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pḱór-mo-s",
"t": "shame, grief, torment, pain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pḱór-mo-s (“shame, grief, torment, pain”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sormъ",
"t": "shame"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "شرم",
"t": "shame",
"tr": "šarm"
},
"expansion": "Persian شرم (šarm, “shame”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀",
"t": "sense of shame"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived Proto-Indo-European *pḱór-mo-s (“shame, grief, torment, pain”), from *pḱer- (“to have shame, distress over”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”), Persian شرم (šarm, “shame”), Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”). Because of PIE root constraints and the fact that the only evidence for *p- comes from Avestan, an alternative etymology reconstructs the root as *ḱer(H)-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "harmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "harmammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "*harmaz",
"name": "gem-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "West Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(West Germanic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harmaz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"painful; sorrowful; doleful"
],
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"sorrowful",
"sorrowful"
],
[
"doleful",
"doleful"
]
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harmful; malicious; evil"
],
"links": [
[
"harmful",
"harmful"
],
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɑr.mɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "harmaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"West Proto-Germanic"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "harmalausaz"
},
{
"word": "harmāną"
},
{
"word": "harmijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "herm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hairm"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "harrm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "herm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hairm"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "harrm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "harem"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "herm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hairm"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "harrm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "arme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "herm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hairm"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "harrm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "herme"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "hearm"
},
{
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "herm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "herm"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "harm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "harm"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Harm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "harm"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Harm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "harm"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "haram"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*harm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "harmur"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "harmligur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "harme"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "harm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "harmi"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "harm"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "harmber"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "harme"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "harmr"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pḱór-mo-s",
"t": "shame, grief, torment, pain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pḱór-mo-s (“shame, grief, torment, pain”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sormъ",
"t": "shame"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "شرم",
"t": "shame",
"tr": "šarm"
},
"expansion": "Persian شرم (šarm, “shame”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀",
"t": "sense of shame"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived Proto-Indo-European *pḱór-mo-s (“shame, grief, torment, pain”), from *pḱer- (“to have shame, distress over”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sormъ (“shame”), Persian شرم (šarm, “shame”), Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšar^əma, “sense of shame”). Because of PIE root constraints and the fact that the only evidence for *p- comes from Avestan, an alternative etymology reconstructs the root as *ḱer(H)-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "harmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "harm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "harmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "harmą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "harmanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "harmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "harmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "harmǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "harmai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "harmamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "harmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "harmamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "*harmaz m",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harmaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "harmōną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"harm; shame; pain; injury"
],
"links": [
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"shame",
"shame"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɑr.mɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "harmaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for harmaz meaning in All languages combined (15.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.